Wpsi wahler physical symptom inventory diagnostic tool. Wahler designed the. Wahler physical symptoms inventory manual gettweare. Sleep physiology. Developed the Wahler Physical Symptoms Inventory (WPS), a forty-two item. WPS scores of a sample of students scoring more than one standard.
Read Psychological Tests: A text version Psychological Tests: W Name: Wagner Enneagram Personality Style Scales (WEPSS) Accession Number: 000240 Publisher/City: Western Psychological Services/Los Angeles, CA Date/Ed: 1999 Reviewed In: 15th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 274 Contents: 000240-A. Manual (includes Test) Name: Wahler Physical Symptoms Inventory Accession Number: 000211 Publisher/City: Western Psychological Services/Los Angeles Date: 1983 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v.6 Contents: 000211-A. Manual (includes test) Name: Waksman Social Skills Rating Scale (WSSRS) Accession Number: 000570 Publisher/City: Enrichment Press/Portland, OR Date: 1984 Reviewed In: 10th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Test # 383 Contents: 000570-A. Waksman Social Skills Rating Scale (WSSRS)(Manual) 000570-B. Test 000570-C. Order Form 000570-D.
Review of the Waksman Social Skills Rating Scale (WSSRS), In: The tenth mental measurements yearbook, Test # 383. Name: Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist Accession Number: 000212 Publisher/City: Western Psychological Services/Los Angeles Date/Ed: 1983 Reviewed in: 9th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #1345 Contents: 000212-A. Manual (includes test for males and females) Name: Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Accession Number: 000633 Publisher/City: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc./New York, NY Date/Ed: 1964 Reviewed in: 7th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 783; Test Critiques, v.
3 Contents: 000633-A. Manual for forms YM and ZM 000633-B. Form YM 000633-C. Answer sheet for forms YM and ZM 000633-D. Key for form ZM 000633-E. Key for form YM 000633-F. Class record Name: Ways of Coping Questionnaire; Sampler Set (WAYSS) Accession Number: 000454 Publisher/City: Mind Garden/Redwood City, CA Date/Ed: 1988 Reviewed in: 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 462 Contents: 000454-A.
Sampler Set: Manual, Test Booklet, Scoring Key Name: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Accession Number: 000873 Publisher/City: Psychological Corporation/New York, NY Date: 1955 Reviewed in: 5th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review # 414; Test Critiques, v.1 Contents: 000873-A. Manual 000873-B. Record Form 000873-C. WAIS Mental Description Sheet, c. 1-2 000873-D.
5th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review # 414 Name: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th ed. (WISC-IV) Accession Number: 001440 Publisher/City: Harcourt Assessment/San Antonio, TX Date: 2003 Reviewed in: 16th Mental Measurements, review #262 Contents: 001440-A. Administration and Scoring Manual 001440-B. Technical and Interpretive Manual 001440-C. 16th Mental Measurements, review #262 Name: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) LOCATED IN FILING CABINET #6 Accession Number: 000872 Publisher/City: Psychological Corporation/New York, NY Date: 1967 Reviewed in: 7th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #434; Test Critiques, v.3 Contents: 000872-A. Manual 000872-B.
Picture Completion-Block Design 000872-C. Cylinders for Animal House; 7 yellow, 6 blue, 7 tan, 7 black 000872-D. Block Design; 14 red/white 000872-E.
Mazes; 2 copies 000872-F. Record Form; 2 copies 000872-G. Geometric Design 000872-H. Picture Block 000872-I. Carrying Case Name: Weinberg Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents (WDSCA) Accession Number: 000103 Publisher/City: PROED/Austin, TX Date: 1998 Reviewed in: 14th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #417 Contents: 000103-A.
Examiner's Manual 000103-B. Summary Sheet 000103-C. WDSCA Student Response Sheet 000103-D. 14th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #417 Name: Weller-Strawser Scales of Adaptive Behavior (WSSAB) Accession Number: 000875 Publisher/City: Academic Therapy Publications/Novato, CA Date: 1981 Reviewed in: 9th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #1359 Contents: 000875-A.
Manual 000875-B. Notebook Name: Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle Accession Number: 000726 Publisher/City: Mind Garden, Inc./Menlo Park, CA Date: 2004 Reviewed in: 16th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #270 Contents: 000726-A. Manual (Includes Test) 000726-B. 16th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #270 Name: Wepman's Auditory Discrimination Test Accession Number: 000215 Publisher/City: Western Psychological Services/Los Angeles Date/Ed: 1987 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v. 10 Contents: 000215-A. Manual (includes test) Name: Wepman's Auditory Discrimination Test (ADT), 2nd ed.
Accession Number: 000857 Publisher/City: Western Psychological Services/Los Angeles Date/Ed: 1958-1987 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v. 10; 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review #467 Contents: 000857-A. Manual 000857-B. 1-3 000857-C. 1-3 000857-D. Blue Packing Sheet 000857-E.
Order Form 000857-F. 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review #467 Name: Wesman Personnel Classification Test (PCT) Accession Number: 000680 Publisher/City: Psychological Corporation/New York, NY Date/Ed: 1946-65 Reviewed in: 4th Mental Measurements Yearbook, # 331; 7th Mental Measurements Yearbook, # 400; Test Critiques, v. 3 Contents: 000680-A. 1951 000680-B. 1965 000680-C. Personnel Classification Test, 1948 ed.
Form A, 1946 ed. Form B, 1947 ed. Form A Scoring key 000680-G.
Form B Scoring key Name: Western Personality Inventory (WPI); Includes the Alcadd Test Revised Edition; and the Manson Evaluation - Revised edition Accession Number: 000856 Publisher/City: Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, CA Date: 1965 Reviewed in: 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review #12 (Alcadd Test) and #226 (Manson) Contents: 000856-A. Alcadd Manual (includes test) 000856-B.
The Manson Evaluation Manual (Includes test) 000856-C. Western Personality Inventory, c.1-5 000856-D. Order form 000856-E.Blue Packing Sheet 000856-F. 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review #12 000856-G. 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review #226 Name: WH Question Comprehension Test: Exploring the World of WH Question Comprehension for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Accession Number: 000826 Publisher/City: Indiana Resource Center for Autism, University of Indiana/Bloomington, IN Date/Ed: 2004 Reviewed in: 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, # 199 Contents: 000826-A. Manual 000826-B.
Brochure, Indiana Resource for Autism 000826-C. Letter 000826-D. 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, # 199 Name: Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) Accession Number: 000222 Publisher/City: Western Psychological Services/Los Angeles, CA Date/Ed: 1973 Reviewed in: 8th Mental Measurement Yearbook, Review # 710; Test Critiques, v.3 Contents: 000222-A. Objective Measurement of Schizophrenic Thinking: A Practical and Theoretical Guide to the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking 000222-B. Protocol Booklet: Form A, c. 1-2 000222-C.
Protocol Booklet: Form B, c. 1-2 000222-D. Scoring Key Name: Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT 3) LOCATED IN FILING CABINET #6 Accession Number: 000167 Publisher/City: Wide Range, Inc./Wilmington, DE Date: 1993 Reviewed in: Twelfth Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #414; 16th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 272 (Expanded ed.) Contents: 000167-A.
Satchel 000167-B. Administration Manual 000167-C.
WRAT 3 Normal Curve, c. 1-25 000167-D.
WRAT 3 Blue Spelling 000167-E. WRAT 3 Tan Spelling 000167-F. WRAT 3 Blue Test Scores, c. 1-25 000167-G. WRAT 3 Tan Test Scores, c.
1-25 Name: Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML) LOCATED IN FILING CABINET #6 Accession Number: 000171 Publisher/City: Wide Range, Inc./Wilmington, DE Date: 1990 Reviewed in: Eleventh Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #470; Test Critiques, v.9; 16th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #273 (2nd ed.) Contents: 000171-A. Brief Case 000171-B. Administration Manual 000171-C. Design Board, with 16 yellow foam covers 000171-D.
Sound Symbol, 8 and younger 000171-E. Sound Symbol, 9 and older 000171-F. Visual Learning, 8 and younger 000171-G. Visual Learning, 9 and older 000171-H. Envelope for picture design cards 000171-I. Large picture design cards, #1-4 000171-J.
Small picture design cards, #1-4 000171-K. Black squares, #1-4 000171-L. Finger Window Board 000171-M. Memory Ability in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 000171-N. Assessment of Memory and Learning in Children: Supplemental Norms 000171-O.
WRAML Picture Memory and Design Memory Response Form, c. 1-2 000171-P. WRAML Examiner Form, c. 1-2 Name: Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning 2nd ed. (WRAML 2) LOCATED IN FILING CABINET #6 Accession Number: 000909 Publisher/City: Wide Range, Inc./Wilmington, DE Date: 1990 -2003 Reviewed in: 16th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #273 (2nd ed.) Contents: 000909-A.
Brief Case 000909-B. Administration and Techncal Manual 000909-C. Sound Symbol Booklet, 8 and Younger 000909-D.
Picture Boards, #1(zoo), #2 (classroom), #3 (living room) and #4 (garage) 000909-E. Number and letter cards; #1, nos.
1-8 and letters A-J; #2, nos. 1-8 000909-F.Stencil 000909-G. Plastic envelope of 5 picture design cards. WRAML 2 Design Memory Recognition Form, c. 1-3 000909-I.
WRAML 2 Design Memory Response Form, c. 1-3 000909-J. 16th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #273 (2nd ed.) 000909-K. WRAML 2 Picture Memory Response Form, c.
1-3 000909-L. WRAML 2 Picture Memory Recognition Form, c. 1-3 000909-M. WRAML 2 Examiner Form, c.
1-3 000909-N. Blue PAR Order form 000909-O. White PAR Order form 000909-P. Tan PAR Order form 000909-Q.
Pink PAR Order form 000909-R. Blue Packing Sheet 000909-S. Plastic Bag with two pencils Name: Wide Range Employment Sample Test (WREST) Accession Number: 000876 Publisher/City: Guidance Associates of Delaware, Inc./Wilmington, DE Date: 1972-73 Reviewed in: 8th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review # 987 Contents: 000876-A. Manual 000876-B. Wide Range Employment Sample Test Name: Wide Range Intelligence and Personality Test (WRIPT) Accession Number: 000878 Publisher/City: Guidance Associates of Delaware, Inc./Wilmington, DE Date: 1974 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v.1 Contents: 000878-A. Manual 000878-B.
WRIPT Test Book; 4 copies 000878-C. Page 3; Vocabulary 000878-D.
Page 4; Number Series 000878-E. Page 5; Coding 000878-F. Page 6; Picture Reasoning 000878-G. Page 7; Picture Reasoning Cont'd 000878-H. Page 8; Space Series 000878-I. Page 9; Space Series Cont'd 000878-J.
Page 10; Social Concept 000878-K. Page 11; Social Concept Cont'd 000878-L. Page 12; Arithmetic 000878-M.
Page 13; Space Completion 000877-N. Page 14; Space Completion Cont'd 000877-O. Supplement to Manual 000877-P. Intelligence Score Equivalent for Standard Score Totals Wide Range Interest and Opinion Test Name: Wide Range Interest and Opinion Test (WRIOT) Accession Number: 000877 Publisher/City: Guidance Associates of Delaware, Inc./Wilmington, DE Date: 1972 Reviewed in: 9th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #1366 - Test Critiques, v.4 Contents: 000877-A. Manual 000877-B. Picture Book 000877-C.
Memo regarding the availability of Training Sheets 000877-D. Codes for Occupations 000877-E. Memo concerning the Answer Sheets of WRIOT 000877-F. WRIOT computer Scoring 000877-G. Females-Art 000877-H. Females-Literature 000877-I.
Females-Music 000877-J. Females-Drama 000877-K. Females-Sales 000877-L. Females-Management 000877-M. Females-Office Work 000877-N. Females-Personal Service 000877-O.
Females-Protective Service 000877-P. Females-Social Service 000877-Q. Females-Social Science 000877-R. Females-Biological Science 000877-S. Females-Physical Science 000877-T. Females-Number 000877-U. Females-Mechanics 000877-V.
Females-Machine Operation 000877-W. Females-Outdoor 000877-X. Females-Athletics 000877-Y. Females-Sedentariness 000877-Z. Females-Risk 000877-AA.
Ambition 000877-BB. Chosen Skill Level 000877-CC. Activity by Sex 000877-DD. Agreement 000877-EE. Answer Sheet; 9 copies 000877-FF.
Report Form; 9 copies 000877-GG. Males-Drama 000877-HH. Males-Music 000877-II. Males-Literature 000877-JJ. Males-Art 000877-KK. Protective Service 000877-LL.
Personal Data 000877-MM. Office Work 000877-NN. Management 000877-OO. Sales 000877-PP. Mechanics 000877-QQ. Number 000877-RR.
Physical Science 000877-SS. Biological Science 000877-TT. Social Science 000877-UU. Social Service 000877-VV.
Sedentariness 000877-WW. Athletics 000877-XX. Outdoor 000877-YY. Machine Operation Wide Range Interest and Opinion Test 000877-ZZ. Agreement 000877-AAA. Activity by Sex 000877-BBB. Chosen Skill Level 000877-CCC.
Ambition 000877-DDD. Risk Name: Wide Range Interest-Opinion Test (WRIOT) LOCATED IN FILING CABINET # 6 Accession Number: 000164 Publisher/City: Jastak Assessment Systems/Wilmington, DE Date: 1979 Reviewed in: 9th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #1366; Test Critiques, v.4 Contents: 000164-A. Satchel 000164-B. Manual 000164-C. WRIOT Pictures 000164-D.
Answer Sheets, c. 1-50 000164-E. Profile Sheets, c.
1-50 000164-F. Scoring Templates (Male), A-X 000164-G. Scoring Templates (Female), A-X Name: Wide Range Vocabulary Tests; Form B & C Accession Number: 000880 Publisher/City: Psychology Corporation/New York, NY Date: 1945 Reviewed in: 3rd Mental Measurements Yearbook, review # 169 Contents: 000880-A. Manual and Keys 000880-B. Word Organization Form B 000880-C. Word Organization Form C 000880-D. Sentence Completion, C.
1-2 Name: Wide Range Vocabulary Tests; Form B & C Accession Number: 000879 Publisher/City: Psychology Corporation/New York, NY Date: 1945 Reviewed in: 3rd Mental Measurements Yearbook, review # 169 Contents: 000879-A. Manual and Keys 000879-B. Word Organization Form B 000879-C. Word Organization Form C Name: Wiig Assessment of Basic Concepts (WABC) LOCATED IN CABINET #6 Accession Number: 000947 Publisher/City: Super Duper Publications/Greenville SC Date: 2004 Reviewed in: 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #200 Contents: 000947-A. Tote Bag 000947-B. Examiner's Manual 000947-C. A Day at the Zoo (Level 1) 000947-D.
A Day at the Park (Level 2) 000947-E. Answer Sheet, Level 1, c. 1-3 000947-F. Answer Sheet, Level 2, c. 1-3 000947-G. Sticker Sheets, c. 1-4 000947-H.
Clipboard with calculator 000947-I. Puppy Bank reinforce 000947-J.
30 Doggy Dog Tokens (Plastic Dog Biscuits) 000947-K. 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review #200 Name: Wiig Assessment of Basic Concepts (WABC) (Prueba de Conceptos Basicos Wiig) LOCATED IN CABINET #6 Accession Number: 000947 Publisher/City: Super Duper Publications/Greenville SC Date: 2004 Reviewed in: 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #200 Contents: 000946-A. Examiner's Manual 000946-B.
Un Dia en el Zoologico (Level 1) 000946-C. Un Dia en el Parque (Level 2) 000946-D. Sticker Sheets, c. 1-4 000946-E. Answer Sheet, Level 1, c. 1-3 000946-F.
Answer Sheet, Level 2, c. 1-3 000946-G. Puppy Bank reinforcer 000946-H.
30 Doggy Dog Tokens (Plastic Dog Biscuits) 000946-I. 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #200 (English version) 000946-J. Clipboard with calculator 000946-K. Tote Bag Name: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rev. & Expanded Accession Number: 000579 Publisher/City: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc./Odessa, FL Date: 1993 Reviewed in: 14th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 420; 15th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 280 (64 card version) Contents: 000579-A. Manual 000579-B. WCST Record Booklet 000579-C.
14th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 420 Name: Wonderlic Basic Skills Test (WBST) Accession Number: 000760 Publisher/City: Wonderlic Personnel Test, Inc./Libertyville, IL Date: 1996 Reviewed in:13th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 362 Contents: 000760-A. WBST Sample Questions 000760-B. 13th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 362 000760-C. Wonderlic Basic Skills Test: User's Manual for Ability-To-Benefit Testing 000760-D. Wonderlic Basic Skills Test: User's Manual Name: Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT) Accession Number: 000666 Publisher/City: E.
Wonderlic & Assoc.,Inc./Northfield, IL Date: 1942 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v. 1; 3rd Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 269 Contents: 000666-A.
How to Use the Wonderlic Personnel Test 000666-B. Performance Norms.copyright 1961 000666-C.
Form A.copyright 1942, c. 1-3 000666-D. Form B.copyright 1942, c. 1-3 000666-E. Form A Scoring stencil 000666-F.
Form B Scoring stencil Name: Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT) Accession Number: 000616 Publisher/City: Wonderlic Personnel Test, Inc./Libertyville, IL Date: 1993 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v. 1; 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 475 Contents: 000616-A. Scoring Key, c. 1-2 000616-B. Company Data Collection Sheet 000616-C.
So, how do you score? 15 sample questions from ESPN.com 000616-D. 11th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 475 000616-E. Test Critiques, v. 769-775 000616-F.
User's Manual 000616-H. Wonderlic Personnel Test & Scholastic Level Exam User's Manual 000616-I. 14th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review # 421 Name: Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery: Part One; Tests of Cognitive Ability Accession Number: 000882 Publisher/City: Teaching Resources/Allen, TX Date: 1977 Reviewed in: 9th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #1387 - Test Critiques, v.4 Contents: 000882-A.
Examiner's Manual 000882-B. Test Book 000882-C. Response Booklet Name: Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery: Part Two; Tests of Achievement, and; Part Three: Tests of Interest Level Accession Number: 000881 Publisher/City: Teaching Resources/Allen, TX Date: 1977 Reviewed in: 9th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #1387 - Test Critiques, v.4 Contents: 000881-A. Examiner's Manual 000881-B. Test Book 000881-C. Response Booklet Name: Word Test - Adolescent Accession Number: 000812 Publisher/City: LinguiSystems/East Moline, IL Date/Ed: 1989 Reviewed in: 9th Mental Measurements Yearbook, review # 1393; Test Critiques, v.
2 Contents: 000812-A. Examiner's Manual 000812-B.
Test Name: Work Addiction Risk Test Accession Number: 001107 Publisher/City: Perceptual and Motor Skills Date/Ed: vol. 88, 1999, pp. 199-210 Contents: 001107-A. 'The Work Addiction Risk Test: Development of a Tentative Measure of Workaholism.' , by Bryant Robinson. In: Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 88, 1999, pp.
(Includes Test.) Name: Work Adjustment Inventory (WAI) Accession Number: 000133 Publisher/City: PRO-ED/Austin, TX Date: 1994 Reviewed in: 13th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #365 Contents: 000133-A. Examiner's Manual 000133-B.
Response Record Form, c. 1-2 000133-C. 13th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #365 Name: Work-Family Conflict (WFC) Accession Number: 000466 Publisher/City: Gregory K. Stephens and Steven M. Sommer Date: 1996 Contents: 000466-A. 'The Measurement of Work to Family Conflict', by Gregory K.
Stephens.et al. In: Educational and Psychological Measurement, v. 475-486, 1996. Name: Work Motivation Inventory Accession Number: 000082 Publisher/City: Telemetrics/Woodlands, TX Date: 1995 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v.10 Contents: 000082-A. Work Motivation Inventory (manual and test) Name: Work Performance Assessments Accession Number: 000025 Publisher/City: Arkansas Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation/Fayetteville, Arkansas Date: 1987 Reviewed in: Thirteenth Mental Measurement Yearbook, Review #367 Contents: 000025-A. Manual for the Work Performance Assessment 000025-B. Script and Rating Form, c.
1-3 Name: Workplace Skills Survey Accession Number: 000840 Publisher/City: Industrial Psychology International, Ltd Date: 1998 Reviewed in: Mental Measurement Yearbook, Review #205 Contents: 000840-A. Manual 000840-B. Workplace Skills Survey Survey, c.1-5 000840-C. Workplace Skills Survey Answer Sheet, c.1-3 000840-D. Mental Measurement Yearbook, Review #205 Name: Work Temperament Inventory Accession Number: 000026 Publisher/City: Arkansas Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation/Fayetteville, ARK Date: 1993 Reviewed in: Thirteenth Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #368 Contents: 000026-A. Manual for the Work Temperament Inventory 000026-B. Work Temperament Inventory copies 1-26 Name: Work Values Inventory; Grds.
7-12 (College-Adult) Accession Number: 000884 Publisher/City: Houghton Mifflin Company/Dallas, TX Date: 1970 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v.2 Contents: 000884-A. Manual 000884-B. Work Values Inventory; Name: Work Values Inventory; Grds. 7-12 (College-Adult) Accession Number: 000885 Publisher/City: Houghton Mifflin Company/Dallas, TX Date: 1970 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v.2 Contents: 000885-A.
Manual 000885-B. Work Values Inventory Name: Work Values Inventory; Grds. 7-12 (College-Adult) Accession Number: 000883 Publisher/City: Houghton Mifflin Company/Dallas, TX Date: 1970 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v.2 Contents: 000883-A. Manual 000883-B. Work Values Inventory, c. 1-2 Name: Working: Assessing Skills, Habits and Style Accession Number: 000253 Publisher/City: H & H Publishing/Clearwater, FL Date/Ed: 1996 Reviewed in: 14th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #429 Contents: 000253-A. Working User's Manual 000253-B.
Working.(test booklet) 000253-C. Technical Documentation in Working Name: Workplace Skills Survey Accession Number: 000951 Publisher/City: Industrial Psychology International, Ltd / Champaign, Illinois Date/Ed: 1998 Reviewed in: 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #205 Contents: 000951-A.
Workplace Skills Survey Manual 000951-B. Workplace Skills Survey 000951-C. 17th Mental Measurements Yearbook, Review #205 Name: World of Work Inventory Accession Number: 000886 Publisher/City: Career Choice/Scottsdale, AZ Date: 1973 Reviewed in: Test Critiques, v.6 Contents: 000886-A.
Reusable Inventory Booklet 000886-B. Sample Profile Booklet 000886-C. Graphic Arts 000886-D. Mechanical and Electrical 000886-E.
Guide to Career Interest Activities 000886-F. Price List 000886-G. Answer Sheet 000886-H. Description of Career Choice Inventory 000886-I. Instruction on how to use the booklets and inventory lists.
The objective of this study was to develop the Somatic Stress Response Scale (SSRS), and then to use the scale in clinical practice. A preliminary survey was conducted using 109 healthy adults to obtain somatic stress responses. Then, 215 healthy subjects completed a preliminary questionnaire. A comparison was made regarding the somatic stress responses among 191 patients (71 with anxiety disorders, 73 with depressive disorders and 47 with somatoform disorders) and 215 healthy subjects. Factor analysis of the SSRS yielded five subscales: the cardiorespiratory response, somatic sensitivity, gastrointestinal response, general somatic response and genitourinary response subscales.
The test-retest reliability for the five subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging from.86 to.94. The Cronbach's α for the five subscales ranged from.72 to.92, and was.95 for the total score. By correlating the five subscales and the total score of the SSRS with the somatization subscale scores of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), convergent validity was calculated. The correlations were all at significant levels.
Each of the disorder groups was significantly higher in scores of the cardiorespiratory response, gastrointestinal response, general somatic response and genitourinary response subscale, and in the total SSRS score than the healthy group. Only the depressive disorder group scored significantly higher on the somatic sensitivity subscale than the healthy group, and they also scored significantly higher on the genitourinary response subscale than the anxiety disorder group did. These results suggest that the SSRS is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be effectively utilized as a measure for research of the somatic symptoms related to stress. It also implies that somatic sensitivity and genitourinary responses are associated with depressive disorders. INTRODUCTION Stress has been measured in three aspects: stressors, stress responses and individual characteristics (personal resources, behavior patterns, coping styles). These varying aspects of stress measures are important in planning treatments and evaluating the effects of treatments.
Among them, stress responses include sympathetic arousal such as an increase in the release of stress hormones like catecholamines and corticosteroids. An increase in physical factors such as heart rate, blood pressure and muscle potential has also been documented as a stress response.
In addition, changes in psychological factors such as increases in fear, anxiety and anger, and decreases in cognitive ability and sensitivity to others may be elicited. Some of the psychophysiological effects of stress can be seen as either adaptive, in that they prepare the individual to respond, or nonadaptive, because they may be damaging to one's health.
In particular, individual differences in physiological reactivity to psychological stress have also been well established. Some individuals (reactors) respond to stressful stimuli with greater autonomic arousal than do others (nonreactors). In most illnesses, the more observable symptoms are preceded by less recognizable and less disabling symptoms (e.g.
Physical arousal), which go unnoticed to the unaware. Therefore, physiological changes may be used as an important cue for the assessment of stress. In clinical practice, somatization is the most common psychiatric problem observed in primary care, followed by depression and anxiety. Somatic symptoms were most frequently complained of by psychiatric outpatients in Korea with depressive disorders, followed by somatoform disorders and anxiety disorders. It was reported that even among healthy people, approximately 80% complain of somatic symptoms.
Somatization is common among Koreans, and the word 'hwabyung' is used to define any Korean culture-specific somatization. Koreans tend to convert their conflicts into somatic symptoms., Under stress, verbalization is more frequently replaced by physical symptoms. Moreover, these symptoms emerge with other complicated clinical features, such as anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, or somatoform disorders. Such somatization was also reported by elderly people who had emigrated to America from Korea., The tools used to measure somatic symptoms to date include the Whaler Physical Symptoms Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-15, and the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). However, tools to assess stress-related somatic symptoms have rarely been developed.
The Stress Response Inventory (SRI), which includes emotional, somatic, cognitive and behavioral stress responses, was developed in Korea but includes only a limited number of items on the somatic symptoms. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a tool that could assess a broad range of stress-related somatic symptoms, and then to use the scale in clinical practice. Subjects and procedures for preliminary survey The subjects used for the preliminary survey were 109 healthy adults (56 men, 53 women) over 20 years of age (mean ± SD, 41.6 ± 11.0 years). The mean (S.D.) length of education was 14.1 (3.3) years, and the mean (S.D.) monthly income was 2,485 (730) U.S.
Eighty-three subjects were married, 22 were single, and the marital status of four was unknown. They were sent a letter of informed consent and a questionnaire, along with a written explanation of the study.
All but six subjects responded to the questionnaire and returned it to the authors. The subjects were asked: 'What kind of physical responses do you have under stress?' Participants were also required to write 10 somatic responses to stressful situations, beginning with the most common, along with their demographic characteristics. The responses obtained from these 109 subjects were subgrouped according to similarity in content and expression, and the frequencies were checked for each response item. It was found that 40 responses were repeated more than five times. Subjects and procedures for preliminary questionnaire The 33 most commonly-mentioned items (those appearing more than nine times) were selected to create a preliminary questionnaire. At that time, the research team, comprised of 10 psychiatrists and psychologists, agreed on these 33 items.
Each item on the preliminary questionnaire was arranged in a Likert-type format: 'Not at all' (0 point), 'Somewhat' (1 point), 'Moderately' (2 points), 'Very much' (3 points), or 'Absolutely' (4 points). The preliminary questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects (108 men, 107 women) who were 20 years of age or older (mean ± S.D., 41.7 ± 10.4 years). Other sociodemographic characteristics of this group are described in. The subjects included hospital employees and family members of medical students. They were sent a letter of informed consent and a questionnaire, as well as a written explanation of the study. All but 11 subjects responded to the questionnaire and returned it to the authors.
Before they were screened for the presence or absence of any physical or psychiatric disorders via the questionnaire, the hospital employees were contacted directly by psychiatric residents to ensure that they had no physical or psychiatric disorders. For the family members of medical students, the medical students were asked to check for the presence or absence of physical and psychiatric disorders and to include in the study only those subjects who had no disorders. According to the self-report questionnaire, none of these subjects reported being treated for physical or psychiatric disorders or having symptoms of such disorders. In addition, all of the test subjects were found to be within normal limits in their annual physical check-ups. The comparison group for the discriminant validity test was composed of patients who had been diagnosed with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, or somatoform disorders at the Department of Psychiatry at Severance Hospital. These patients were serially selected and interviewed, and given a verbal and written explanation of the outline of the study.
Only those patients who granted informed consent were given the questionnaires The anxiety disorder group consisted of 45 patients with panic disorder, 13 with generalized anxiety disorder, and 13 with phobic disorder (40 men and 31 women in total; mean (S.D.) age 37.9 (11.6) years). The depressive disorder group included 45 patients with major depression and 28 with dysthymic disorder (32 men and 41 women in total; mean (S.D.) age 38.3 (12.3) years). The somatoform disorder group was made up of 22 patients with undifferentiated somatoform disorder, nine with somatization disorder, 11 with pain disorder, three with hypochondriasis, and two with conversion disorder (26 men and 21 women in total; mean (S.D.) age 37.3 (13.1) years). The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients are described in. The diagnoses were made by an experienced psychiatrist using the DSM-IV criteria. Patients with other diagnoses were excluded from this study.
All 215 healthy subjects completed the Korean version of the SCL-90-R at the same time. The SCL-90-R is a 98-item self-rating instrument for assessing a person's psychopathology during the last week, and it includes nine subscales. The test-retest reliability of the preliminary questionnaire was calculated by the first and second testing by 62 randomly-selected subjects from the original 215 subjects after a two-week interval. Factor analysis was conducted and the factors were labeled. Data analysis A factor analysis was conducted using an oblique rotation after the maximum-likelihood factor analysis was completed. An independent t-test was used to compare the subscale scores and the total score of the SSRS between the patient and healthy groups.
An analysis of variance was conducted to compare the subscale scores and the total score between each of the disorder groups and the healthy groups. The Scheffe test was then employed as a post-hoc test to consider differences in the number of patients in each subgroup. The convergent validity of the subscale scores and the total score of the SSRS was calculated with the subscale scores of the SCL-90-R using a Pearson's correlation. The test-retest reliability of the subscale scores and the total score of the SSRS was calculated using a Pearson's correlation on the first and second testing. The internal consistency of the subscales and the total score were calculated using Cronbach's α. A comparison of the subscale and the total SSRS scores according to sociodemographic characteristics (sex, occupation: professional or non-professional, marital status: married or single, and religion: present or absent) was made using an independent t-test.
The relationships of age, education, income and the duration of illness with the test scores was examined using a Pearson's correlation. A multiple regression analysis was computed to determine the effect of the sociodemographic variables, with the dependent variable being the total score and the independent variables being those sociodemographic characteristics that had been confirmed as significantly influencing the total score. Sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects The healthy group was significantly older, and had higher educational and income levels than the patient group, whereas the members of the patient group were more likely to be religious than the healthy group members.
No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to sex, marital status or occupation. There were also no significant differences in terms of sex (χ 2 = 2.70, df = 3, p =.44) or age (years, mean ± s.d. Depressive disorder 38.3 ± 12.3; somatoform disorder 37.3 ± 13.1; anxiety disorder 37.9 ± 11.6; healthy controls 41.7 ± 10.5, F = 3.87 df = 3, 402 p =.01, Scheffe test p.05) among the four groups including the three patient types and the healthy controls. Factor analysis of the SSRS Factor analysis was conducted on 33 items, using an oblique rotation after a maximum-likelihood factor analysis, which produced five factors with an eigen value greater than one.
Among them, 32 items with a factor loading greater than.3 were extracted. The statement like 'I am easily fatigued' was removed from the questionnaire because its factor loading was less than.3.
In the case of those items with a factor loading greater than.3 on more than one factor at the same time, the greatest one was extracted. The first factor, labeled 'cardiorespiratory and nervous response' (referred to as cardiorespiratory response), was found to have the highest eigen value (13.79), and accounted for 41.8% of the responses. This was followed by the second factor, labeled 'somatic sensitivity', the third factor, labeled 'gastrointestinal response', the fourth factor, labeled 'general somatic response', and the fifth factor, labeled 'genitourinary, eye and muscular response' (referred to as genitourinary response). Each item's factor loading is listed in.
SSRS, Somatic stress response scale.items were removed from factors because of factor loading lower than.3. The SSRS was finalized with a total of 32 items under the five subscales.
There were 11 items under the cardiorespiratory response subscale, five items under the somatic sensitivity subscale, eight items under the gastrointestinal response subscale, four items under the general somatic response subscale, and four items under the genitourinary response subscale. The FITMOD program was used to determine the fitness of the factors. It was found that the root mean square error of the approximation (RMSEA) index was 0.05. This suggests that the five factors originally extracted from the factor analysis are likely to be fit. Discriminant validity The discriminant validity was computed by comparing the scores of all the patients in the disorder groups (anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and somatoform disorder patients) with those of the healthy group, and by comparing the scores of each disorder group with those of the healthy group. The patient group scored significantly higher than the healthy group on the cardiorespiratory response subscale (17.1 ± 10.3 vs.
7.8 ± 7.3, t = 10.39 df = 338 p. SSRS, Somatic stress response scale. The same letter in a subscript indicates that the groups were similar; different letters in the subscript denote significant differences between the groups according to a post-hoc Scheffe Test ( p. Relationship between the sociodemographic variables and the SSRS scores For the healthy group, several significant relationships between the sociodemographic variables and the SSRS scores were found.
When compared according to sex, females scored significantly higher on the total SSRS score than did males (17.4 ± 16.4 vs. 23.7 ± 18.7, t = - 2.63 df = 213 p =.009). The income (r = -.16 p =.02) and education (r = -.20 p =.003) levels had significant negative correlations with the total score. However, age had no significant correlation with the total score (r = -.04 p =.57). No significant differences according to the marital status (married vs. Single, 18.7 ± 15.4 vs.
22.5 ± 21.6 t = - 1.11 df = 59 p =.27), occupation (professional vs. Nonprofessional, 16.8 ± 17.6 vs. 20.7 ± 18.5 t = - 1.32 df = 158 p =.19), or religion (present vs. Absent 21.4 ± 18.9 vs. 18.6 ± 15.9 t = 1.07 df = 05 p =.29) were found in the total SSRS score. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to control for sociodemographic variables such as age, education level, and income.
It was found that regardless of the sociodemographic variables, the patient group scored significantly higher than the healthy group in the total SSRS score (R 2 =.18 F = 21.49 p. DISCUSSION Five subscales (cardiorespiratory response, somatic sensitivity, gastrointestinal response, general somatic response, and genitourinary response) were identified after a factor analysis was performed for all the items of the SSRS. The factor analysis results could be characterized in three ways.
First, the items identified for the cardiorespiratory response subscale (11 items) were the most common. This was followed by the items for the gastrointestinal response subscale (eight items), and the items for the somatic sensitivity subscale (five items). Second, the cardiorespiratory response subscale (41.8%) accounted for the largest proportion of the scale, followed by the somatic sensitivity and the gastrointestinal response subscales. These results suggest that cardiorespiratory symptoms are possibly the most common among stress-related somatic responses. Third, the genitourinary response subscale constitutes mainly aging-related somatic symptoms. The test-retest reliability was significantly high, as was the internal consistency for each subscale and the total score. The correlations between each of the five subscales and the total score, as well as the correlations between each of the items and the subscale scores, were all significant.
These results indicate that the SSRS is highly reliable and stable. The convergent validity was checked by correlating the SSRS with the Korean version of the SCL-90-R somatization subscale. It was found to be significant, with high correlations between the five subscale scores or the total score, and the somatization subscale scores of the SCL-90-R. The patient group scored significantly higher than the healthy group on all of the five subscales as well as the total SSRS score. Among the patient subgroups, each of the disorder groups had significantly higher scores on the cardiorespiratory response subscale, gastrointestinal response subscale, general somatic response subscale, genitourinary response subscale and the total SSRS score than the healthy group.
These findings suggest that the patient group is likely to have a broader range of stress-related somatic symptoms than the healthy group, and that the former is likely to have a higher level of stress than the latter. In addition, only the depressive disorder group scored significantly higher on the somatic sensitivity subscale than the healthy controls. This same group also scored significantly higher on the genitourinary response subscale than the anxiety disorder group. These results could contribute to the discriminant validity of this instrument. It is also suggested that the somatic sensitivity and genitourinary responses are associated with the depressive disorder group. Regarding the relationship between sex and scale scores in the healthy subjects, females scored significantly higher than males in the total score, which indicates that somatic symptoms are more prominent in women than in men. In terms of income and education level, these variables were found to have significant negative correlations with the total SSRS score, which indicates that these demographic variables may be associated with somatic symptoms.
The clinical application of the SSRS showed that the depressive disorder group scored significantly higher on the genitourinary response subscale than the anxiety disorder group did. This finding suggests that depressive disorder patients experience more specific somatic responses than anxiety disorder patients do.
Depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and somatoform disorder patients scored significantly higher on the somatization subscale of the SCL-90-R than did the healthy group. However, no significant differences were found between each of the disorder groups.
This indicates that the SSRS is more useful than the somatization subscale of the SCL-90-R in assessing a broad range of stress-related somatic symptoms. No significant correlations were found between the duration of illness and the total SSRS score for each disorder group. However, for the anxiety disorder group, the duration of illness had a significant negative correlation with the scores of the cardiorespiratory response subscale. This finding suggests that for this disorder group, the chronicity of illness may be negatively associated with the degree of severity in cardiorespiratory symptoms.
Some may question why the anxiety disorder patients did not obtain the highest scores on the cardiorespiratory response subscale, despite the fact that the scores of this subscale had the highest correlation with the scores of the SCL-90-R anxiety subscale in the healthy subjects. As shown in, however, the depressive disorder patients had higher scores on the anxiety subscale of the SCL-90-R than did the anxiety disorder patients. These findings indicate that the depressive disorder patients are likely to have a higher level of anxiety and its related cardiorespiratory symptoms than are the anxiety disorder patients. Higher scores on the subscales of other somatic symptoms, such as somatic sensitivity, gastrointestinal response, general somatic response and genitourinary response, were also found in the depressive disorder patients than in the anxiety disorder patients. These findings could be because depressive disorder patients are more likely to have a higher level of anxiety than anxiety disorder patients.
In conclusion, these results suggest that the SSRS is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be effectively utilized as a measure for research of the somatic symptoms related to stress. In addition, somatic sensitivity and genitourinary responses are likely to be associated with depressive disorders.